> ## Documentation Index
> Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://docs.axiomancer.io/llms.txt
> Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further.

# OSHA Safety Index schema

> Field reference for the OSHA Safety Index dataset — 500K+ enforcement actions with facility linkage, hazard classification, and corporate entity resolution.

The OSHA Safety Index dataset contains 500K+ enforcement actions, inspections, and citations from the Occupational Safety and Health Administration. Each record is linked to EPA Facility Registry Service (FRS) identifiers, classified by NAICS sector, and connected to parent corporate entities through entity resolution.

Every record inherits the full [APRS envelope](/codex/normalization-standard) (`record_id`, `chunk_id`, bitemporal fields, `confidence_score`, `provenance`) and carries the [join keys](/codex/join-keys) documented below.

## Dataset-specific fields

| Field               | Type          | Nullable | Description                                                                                                 |
| ------------------- | ------------- | :------: | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| `source_ref`        | string        |    no    | OSHA inspection number.                                                                                     |
| `occurred_at`       | timestamptz   |    no    | Inspection open date.                                                                                       |
| `resolved_at`       | timestamptz   |    yes   | Case close date. Null if still open.                                                                        |
| `entity_id`         | string        |    no    | Establishment identifier.                                                                                   |
| `entity_name`       | string        |    yes   | Establishment name.                                                                                         |
| `location`          | PostGIS Point |    yes   | WGS84 geometry of the establishment.                                                                        |
| `h3_index`          | string        |    yes   | H3 resolution-8 cell.                                                                                       |
| `jurisdiction_slug` | string        |    yes   | Civic jurisdiction where the establishment is located.                                                      |
| `naics_code`        | string        |    no    | 6-digit NAICS code (2022 revision).                                                                         |
| `naics_title`       | string        |    no    | Human-readable NAICS sector title.                                                                          |
| `frs_id`            | string        |    yes   | EPA Facility Registry Service identifier. See [facility linkage](#facility-linkage).                        |
| `inspection_type`   | enum          |    no    | Type of inspection. See [inspection types](#inspection-types).                                              |
| `violation_count`   | integer       |    no    | Number of violations cited in this inspection.                                                              |
| `citation_severity` | enum          |    yes   | Most severe citation issued. See [citation severity](#citation-severity).                                   |
| `penalty_usd`       | numeric       |    yes   | Current penalty amount in USD.                                                                              |
| `hazard_categories` | JSON array    |    yes   | Human-readable hazard labels derived from CFR standards codes. See [hazard categories](#hazard-categories). |
| `parent_entity_urn` | string        |    yes   | Entity resolution link to the parent corporate entity.                                                      |

## Inspection types

| Type           | Description                                                 |
| -------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------- |
| `Programmed`   | Planned inspection based on industry targeting criteria     |
| `Unprogrammed` | Not planned — triggered by complaint, referral, or accident |
| `Referral`     | Referred by another agency or inspector                     |
| `Complaint`    | Filed by an employee or representative                      |
| `FollowUp`     | Follow-up to a previous inspection                          |
| `Accident`     | Triggered by a workplace accident, injury, or fatality      |

## Citation severity

| Severity  | Description                                             |
| --------- | ------------------------------------------------------- |
| `willful` | Employer knowingly committed a violation                |
| `serious` | Substantial probability of death or serious harm        |
| `other`   | Non-serious violation                                   |
| `repeat`  | Substantially similar violation within the last 5 years |

## Facility linkage

Each OSHA record is matched against the EPA Facility Registry Service (FRS) using address, NAICS code, and name heuristics. The match confidence is available in `metadata.frs_match_confidence`.

<Note>
  Low-confidence FRS matches (below 0.7) are excluded from Commercial-tier exports. Research-tier users see all matches with the confidence score included for filtering.
</Note>

## Hazard categories

The `hazard_categories` field translates CFR standards references (e.g. `1926.501`) into human-readable labels. A single inspection may cite multiple hazards:

```json theme={null}
["fall_protection", "scaffolding", "electrical_wiring"]
```

The raw CFR reference codes are preserved in `metadata.cfr_codes`.

## Join keys

| Key                 |  Presence | Notes                                                              |
| ------------------- | :-------: | ------------------------------------------------------------------ |
| `record_id`         |   always  | APRS URN                                                           |
| `chunk_id`          |   always  | Deterministic from `record_id`                                     |
| `h3_index`          |   often   | Null for establishments without geocodable addresses               |
| `naics_code`        |   always  | Join with POI Intelligence, LEHD, and other NAICS-indexed datasets |
| `frs_id`            |   often   | EPA Facility Registry Service link                                 |
| `jurisdiction_slug` |   often   | Civic jurisdiction                                                 |
| `parent_entity_urn` | sometimes | Corporate entity resolution link                                   |

## Example query

Find the top penalty inspections in a NAICS sector with willful citations:

```sql theme={null}
SELECT
  source_ref,
  entity_name,
  naics_title,
  occurred_at,
  citation_severity,
  violation_count,
  penalty_usd,
  hazard_categories
FROM read_parquet('osha-safety-2026-04.parquet')
WHERE naics_code LIKE '2362%'
  AND citation_severity = 'willful'
  AND penalty_usd > 0
ORDER BY penalty_usd DESC
LIMIT 20;
```

## Known limitations

* Only public OSHA establishment search data is included. Confidential injury and illness data per 29 CFR 1904 is not available.
* `frs_id` linkage uses heuristic matching — verify `metadata.frs_match_confidence` before relying on facility cross-references.
* `parent_entity_urn` is populated by the entity resolution pipeline and may be null for recently ingested records.
* Penalty amounts reflect the current (potentially reduced) penalty, not the originally proposed amount. Check `metadata.proposed_penalty_usd` for the initial figure.