OSHA Safety Index schema

The OSHA Safety Index dataset contains 500K+ enforcement actions, inspections, and citations from the Occupational Safety and Health Administration. Each record is linked to EPA Facility Registry Service (FRS) identifiers, classified by NAICS sector, and connected to parent corporate entities through entity resolution. Every record inherits the full APRS envelope (record_id, chunk_id, bitemporal fields, confidence_score, provenance) and carries the join keys documented below.

Dataset-specific fields

Field	Type	Nullable	Description
`source_ref`	string	no	OSHA inspection number.
`occurred_at`	timestamptz	no	Inspection open date.
`resolved_at`	timestamptz	yes	Case close date. Null if still open.
`entity_id`	string	no	Establishment identifier.
`entity_name`	string	yes	Establishment name.
`location`	PostGIS Point	yes	WGS84 geometry of the establishment.
`h3_index`	string	yes	H3 resolution-8 cell.
`jurisdiction_slug`	string	yes	Civic jurisdiction where the establishment is located.
`naics_code`	string	no	6-digit NAICS code (2022 revision).
`naics_title`	string	no	Human-readable NAICS sector title.
`frs_id`	string	yes	EPA Facility Registry Service identifier. See facility linkage.
`inspection_type`	enum	no	Type of inspection. See inspection types.
`violation_count`	integer	no	Number of violations cited in this inspection.
`citation_severity`	enum	yes	Most severe citation issued. See citation severity.
`penalty_usd`	numeric	yes	Current penalty amount in USD.
`hazard_categories`	JSON array	yes	Human-readable hazard labels derived from CFR standards codes. See hazard categories.
`parent_entity_urn`	string	yes	Entity resolution link to the parent corporate entity.

Inspection types

Type	Description
`Programmed`	Planned inspection based on industry targeting criteria
`Unprogrammed`	Not planned — triggered by complaint, referral, or accident
`Referral`	Referred by another agency or inspector
`Complaint`	Filed by an employee or representative
`FollowUp`	Follow-up to a previous inspection
`Accident`	Triggered by a workplace accident, injury, or fatality

Citation severity

Severity	Description
`willful`	Employer knowingly committed a violation
`serious`	Substantial probability of death or serious harm
`other`	Non-serious violation
`repeat`	Substantially similar violation within the last 5 years

Facility linkage

Each OSHA record is matched against the EPA Facility Registry Service (FRS) using address, NAICS code, and name heuristics. The match confidence is available in metadata.frs_match_confidence.

Low-confidence FRS matches (below 0.7) are excluded from Commercial-tier exports. Research-tier users see all matches with the confidence score included for filtering.

Hazard categories

The hazard_categories field translates CFR standards references (e.g. 1926.501) into human-readable labels. A single inspection may cite multiple hazards:

["fall_protection", "scaffolding", "electrical_wiring"]

The raw CFR reference codes are preserved in metadata.cfr_codes.

Join keys

Key	Presence	Notes
`record_id`	always	APRS URN
`chunk_id`	always	Deterministic from `record_id`
`h3_index`	often	Null for establishments without geocodable addresses
`naics_code`	always	Join with POI Intelligence, LEHD, and other NAICS-indexed datasets
`frs_id`	often	EPA Facility Registry Service link
`jurisdiction_slug`	often	Civic jurisdiction
`parent_entity_urn`	sometimes	Corporate entity resolution link

Example query

Find the top penalty inspections in a NAICS sector with willful citations:

SELECT
  source_ref,
  entity_name,
  naics_title,
  occurred_at,
  citation_severity,
  violation_count,
  penalty_usd,
  hazard_categories
FROM read_parquet('osha-safety-2026-04.parquet')
WHERE naics_code LIKE '2362%'
  AND citation_severity = 'willful'
  AND penalty_usd > 0
ORDER BY penalty_usd DESC
LIMIT 20;

Known limitations

Only public OSHA establishment search data is included. Confidential injury and illness data per 29 CFR 1904 is not available.
frs_id linkage uses heuristic matching — verify metadata.frs_match_confidence before relying on facility cross-references.
parent_entity_urn is populated by the entity resolution pipeline and may be null for recently ingested records.
Penalty amounts reflect the current (potentially reduced) penalty, not the originally proposed amount. Check metadata.proposed_penalty_usd for the initial figure.

Get started

Frameworks

Reference

Dataset-specific fields

Inspection types

Citation severity

Facility linkage

Hazard categories

Join keys

Example query

Known limitations

​Dataset-specific fields

​Inspection types

​Citation severity

​Facility linkage

​Hazard categories

​Join keys

​Example query

​Known limitations

Dataset-specific fields

Inspection types

Citation severity

Facility linkage

Hazard categories

Join keys

Example query

Known limitations